![]() ![]() Most notably, self-reported habitual walking pace has been identified as one of the strongest predictors of all-cause mortality 4, even when adjusting for the effects of established risk factors such as body mass index (BMI) 5 and other lifestyle behaviours including smoking 6.ĭespite the strong associations of self-reported walking pace with health and survival, it is unclear whether these associations arise from common biological processes, including genetic predisposition, nor whether there are causal effects of walking pace on health outcomes. However, recent studies have observed a brisk habitual walking pace, self-reported through questionnaire or verbal interview, to be associated with reduced risk of a range of cardiorespiratory and cancer outcomes 2, 3. The public health recommendations for walking focus particularly on increasing the time spent walking and the number of steps walked, with walking at a faster pace receiving less emphasis 2. Walking is a simple and convenient form of exercise that is widely promoted for its benefit to physical fitness and overall health 1. ![]() Given its low heritability and simple measurement, these findings suggest that self-reported walking pace is a pragmatic target for interventions aiming for general benefits on health. ![]() Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a potential causal link of increasing walking pace with a lower cardiometabolic risk profile. Significant genetic correlations are observed with cardiometabolic, respiratory and psychiatric traits, educational attainment and all-cause mortality. We estimate the SNP-based heritability as 13.2% (s.e. = 0.21%), reducing to 8.9% (s.e. = 0.17%) with adjustment for body mass index. We identify 70 independent associated loci ( P < 5 × 10 −8), 11 of which are novel. Here we perform a genome-wide association study of self-reported walking pace in 450,967 European ancestry UK Biobank participants. Self-reported walking pace has been associated with a range of cardiorespiratory and cancer outcomes, and is a strong predictor of mortality. Walking is a simple form of exercise, widely promoted for its health benefits. ![]()
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